Factors affecting the resistance of a wire Essay Example for Free

Factors affecting the resistance of a wire Essay The graph is directly proportional (perfectly straight, through 0,0. ) There is definitely some relationship between length and resistance and there is very little chance that the points should be interpreted as a curve. I think that I can strongly conclude that increase in resistance is proportional to increase in length of wire. I would say that my graph supports this. I could use my results to conclude that the relationship is directly proportional. My conclusion can be backed up with scientific knowledge. Current is a free moving flow of electrons. Resistance reduces the flow of electrons. This resistance occurs when the electrons, that are attracted to the positive side of the cell, bump into the fixed lattice nuclei of the material that they are flowing through. This means the path of the electrons is erratic as they are changing direction. The more material there is for the electrons to flow through the more fixed lattice nuclei there are. More nuclei mean more bumping and therefore higher resistance. Increasing the length of a wire will increase the number of lattices. A larger number of lattices mean more for electrons to bump into and therefore more resistance. I could also conclude, though not as strongly, that when cross sectional area is increased resistance decreases. This means that thicker wire has less resistance than the thinner wire (Nichrome 28 the preliminary results, compared to Constantan 28) even when they were the same lengths. This would be because there is more space for the same amount of electrons to move in, so making the path of each electron less erratic. The less erratic the path the less resistance. The reason I cannot strongly conclude is that I only tried two different wire diameters. My results do not correspond exactly with my predictions, but they do match reasonably well. I predicted that the length would be directly proportional to the resistance, and I have found that this is so. Not all of my points were reasonably close to the best-fit line and I found that I had some anomalous results, e. g. at 40cm and 50cm, the points are quite far away from the points. This could be due to inaccuracy, or overheating of the wire. Then, at 60cm, the resistance increases dramatically and continues to rise quite steeply. From 60cm, I think I am able to say then only 90cm is an anomalous result. Evaluation I think that the experiment did not work very well. I say this because my graphs had some anomalous results and that my results did not support my predictions very well. I also think that my results were not reliable. My preliminary results did not give a graph of the same pattern as my proper results. I therefore would say that my results are not reproducible. If I were to do the experiment again I would just expand on what was already done. I would increase the range; the length of the wire, to say 2 meters or as high as was possible for the laboratory. I would also change the number of results for instance measuring voltage and current every 5-cm rather than every 10 cm. I would repeat results as much as possible, for instance 5 times rather than 3. I think that to say that my results are very anomalous would be untrue. Although none of the results are actually on the best-fit line, none are too far off, except for 40cm 50cm and 90cm. With all this taken into account, I would say that my results strongly support a firm conclusion. The reasons for this are that there are a reasonable amount of results taken over a suitable range and that the results have been repeated. The equipment that I used seemed suitable. The wire quite straight though not as straight as it could have been. The ammeters and voltmeters I used worked well and had good scales with easy to read markings. I would say that they gave accurate results. Also, I did not notice too much zero error on the meters (when the pointer did not go back to zero). There would be two pieces of alternative equipment that could be used. Firstly, the wire could be replaced with something thicker that would not bend as much and so would make for more reliable length measurements. Secondly, the ammeter and voltmeter could be replaced by digital versions. This would eliminate some human error as the mechanical ones that I used could be misread if looked at from an angle. Problems I had in procedure were the wire not being straight and temperature of the wire increasing. This meant the experiment was a fair test only to a certain extent. To change the non-straight wire problem I would rub it with a flat-sided object, such as a hard piece of wood. This would straighten out some of the bends. To stop temperature effecting earlier results so drastically I would take reading as quickly as possible. This would give the wire less chance to heat up. Further experiments that would extend this work could include varying cross-sectional surface area further (rather than only trying two) and seeing how different materials effect resistance. Voltage applied and insulating the wire could also be tried. Yael Levey 11JS Physics Coursework 26/04/07 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

The epic poem, Beowulf, depicts the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. The hero, Beowulf, was an outstanding warrior with all the extraordinary values required by a hero. He was able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself. He encountered terrifying monsters and the most ferocious of beasts, but he never feared the threat of death. His leadership skills were excellent and he was able to boast about all his achievements. Beowulf was the ultimate epic hero who risked his life countless times for immortal glory and for the good of others. Common traits of an Anglo-Saxon warrior were physical strength, leadership skills and heroic stoicism, which Beowulf demonstrated throughout this poem. Beowulf was a hero in the eyes of his fellow men through his amazing physical strength. He fought in numerous battles and returned victorious from all but his last. One of those victorious battles, was the battle against Grendel, in which Beowulf fought against a monster that had killed many men. â€Å"He twisted in pain, and the bleeding sinews deep in his shoulder snapped, muscle and bone split and broke† (31.389). Beowulf showed his great strength by ripping Grendel’s arm with his bare hands, which would be impossible for a regular human to do. When Beowulf fought Grendel's mother, who sought revenge for her son's death, he was able to defeat her as well. â€Å"From its scabbard, broke the chain on its hilt, and then savage, now, angry and desperate, lifted it high over his head and struck with all the strength he had left" (38.535). He was able to slay Grendel’s mother by slashing the monster's neck with a giant's sword that could only be lifted by a person as strong as Beowulf. After defeating Grendel’s mother, Beowulf decided to finish off Grendel by slashing the monster's neck with the giant sword. â€Å"Then struck off his head with a single swift blow. The body jerked for the last time, then lay still† (38.560). After Beowulf chopped off his head, he carried it from the ocean to Herot mead-hall with ease. The head was so enormously heavy that it would take four men to lift and carry it. Another trait of Beowulf was his ability to put his people’s welfare before his own. â€Å"Heard how Grendel filled night with horror and quickly commanded a boat fitted out, proclaiming that he’d go to that famous king, would sail across the sea to Hrothgar, now when he was needed† (23.

Green Technology Essay

There are many things in this world that are ever evolving in technology, from vehicles, television, cell phones, and even green technology. Some of us might not be too familiar with green; however, most people use green technology without even knowing the difference. The following will address questions concerning green technology. 1. What is green technology? 2. What advantages and disadvantages does green technology have? 3. What are the important focuses of green technology? 4. How can Green technology can be profitable? 5. What are the important facts about green technology? 6. What is the future of going green? This is a review of green technology which focuses on these six questions. What is green technology? According to the articleshub. org (2009) the term â€Å"technology† refers to the application of knowledge for practical purposes the field of â€Å"green technology† encompasses a continuously evolving group of methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non-toxic cleaning products. What advantages and disadvantages does green technology have? The advantage of using green energy sources is that it is clean so it does not emit anything harmful into the air which has an impact on the environment. It is also renewable which means we will never run out of it unlike oil which is expected to dry up in a decade or so. (Elise, M. , 2010) Disadvantage of green energy source is the amount of produce electricity, how much it can generate is not consistent. This is because we have no control of the weather so if a certain area relies on solar energy and there is a weather disturbance, it will not be able to convert sunlight into electricity. Another disadvantage is the fact that some of the green energy sources cannot be installed in certain areas of the planet. For instance, wave energy can only be utilized if the waves coming from the ocean reach at least 16 feet. The use geothermal energy can only be done in geologically unstable parts of the planet. (Elise, M. , 2010) What are the important focuses of green technology? The most important focus of green technology is changing the production and waste patterns This method is the process of throwing out old methods of production and waste that harm the environment, and creating new ones that produce the same result. Another important part of green technology is innovation. Nvudev. org, 2012) Nvudev. org (2012) stated â€Å"there is new innovative and alternative technology that does not harmfully affect the environment or its people. Another important part of green technology is energy. Energy is another important part of green technology. Energy is a resource that powers the world. Whenever we find new sources of energy and new ways to distribute that energy is important to the future of the human race. Another focus of this technology is ensuring that products produced are re-usable in the future†. Nvudev. rg (2012) believes â€Å"Green technology is important because the methods the planet uses now are depleting our o-zone. Think of green technology as taking the planet earth back a couple of centuries, when a simpler form of survival existed. Technology like this can only be beneficial to the planet. Green technology is the new wave of today’s society. To ensure that planet earth still exist one hundred years from now, education in â€Å"going green† is essential. The key to this type of technology and way of life is making it sustainable for everyone over a long period of time. New methods and ideas will be needed to create a world free of hazardous procedures that humans use too readily to survive†. Elise M. (2010) stated â€Å"Green technology is a system that incorporates the new and innovative methods and materials used to create more environmentally friendly cleaning products. The expectation with technology like this is to change the daily habitual habits of society. Green technology focuses on household cleaning products, waste, inventions, clothing, energy sources, etc. Many focus points make technology like this sustainable†. How can Green technology can be profitable? According to (Schoof, 2012) Green Technology can be profitable. â€Å"The United Nation in a large institutional investors meeting at a conference stated climate change is a risk to avoid and also the opportunity to make good return on investments. The investors, who control more than $20 trillion worldwide, are looking at climate change from a business perspective even as Washington steers clear of the issue. Clean energy investments worldwide grew 5 percent in 2011 over 2010, despite financial turmoil in Europe and a wobbly economy in the U. S. , according to a report released†. Global clean-energy investments reached $260 billion in 2011, about five times more than the $50 billion in 2005, according to a Bloomberg New Energy Finance report. (Schoof, 2012). In the US, only 7% of green energy sources are used nationally. This was much higher 11 years ago. We have to invest more in this clean green energy technology. We can get it from green energy sources such as biomass, biodiesel, geothermal, solar, water and the wind. These are things we have all around us and all it takes is for someone to harness it instead of relying on traditional non-renewable means to produce energy. Schoof (2012) believes â€Å"Globally, solar attracted much more investment than any other source of renewable energy. GE invested $5 billion in research and development in clean energy and efficiency technology. If solar energy is being used and the sun is covered, the emergency generators will be activated and use up the energy that was stored from previously sunny days†. According to the green technology and global market (2012) BCC Research predicts that the global market for energy-efficient technologies will grow at an aggregated compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9. % for the 5-year forecast period of 2010-2015, from $200 billion in 2010 to $311. 7 billion by 2015, compared to $331 billion for renewable energy. What are the important facts about using green? By using green energy, wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower, those sorts of things, those are what we call different types of green energy because they are non I’m going to call them non-invasive because they do not disrupt our environment, they actually help to improve it by not creating CO2 emissions and that’s where were going. If wind turbines need more space, they can be installed near the coast instead of putting these on land. (Elise M. , 2010) According to Elise, M. (2010) a study shows that you can generate more electricity while these are placed out in the ocean water. In fact, research is ongoing to try and harness other means to generate the power we need. Power is generated by harnessing the different temperatures in the water. It is currently being used on a small scale both in Japan and Hawaii however if may have a lot promise. There are different types of green energy. Green energy is directly related to green energy resources. One of the green energy resources alternative resource, alternative energy renewable is hydroelectric or hydropower, simply water being used to generate electricity. Solar has been used on a small scale for decades. Today solar is now use on a large scale for homes, industry, and buildings. (Young, 2009) Green technology is a system that incorporates the new and innovative methods and materials used to create more environmentally friendly cleaning products. The expectation with technology like this is to change the daily habitual habits of society. Green technology focuses on household cleaning products, waste, inventions, clothing, energy sources, etc. Many focus points make technology like this sustainable. (nvudev. org, 2012) In order for green technology to have an impact on the environment for the long term it must be sustainable for everyone every day. Sustainability refers to the use of new technologies in a way that will not harm the planet. Green technology researches new ways to use our natural resources without depleting them, and without making it harder for future generations to survive. (nvudev. rg, 2012) What is the future of going green? Technology like solar power and the use of new fossil fuels play a huge part in energy efficiency. Perhaps the most innovative section of green technology is green nanotechnology. This technology refers to the use of both green chemistry and green engineering to perfect the whole notion of going green. If solar energy is being used and the sun is covered, the emergency generators will be activated and use up the energy that was stored from previously sunny days. (Elise, 2010) The future concerning green computers have taken technology to the next level. Green computers are considered environmentally sustainable and eco-friendly. This system of green computers consists of energy efficiency, cost, recycling ability, and environmental sustainability. That’s a lot of energy to use for such a little task. Many companies are working on new and innovative ways to improve computer technology. This is known as green computers. (nvudev. org, 2012) Companies like Dell, Microsoft, Asus, and Gateway are all turning to green computers for the 21 century. The most efficient green computer out of these is the Asus EEE, then the Dell. The dell green computer is already ready for distribution in large numbers. Green computers are smaller, more energy efficient and recycle ready. (nvudev. org, 2012) In my conclusion I have learn that Green Technology is based on the premise that businesses have a responsibility to satisfy human needs and desires while preserving the integrity of the natural environment. There are significant indications that environmental issues will grow in importance over the coming years. Long-term sustainability of the planet is likely to require some rather distinct changes in the ethical behavior of its human population. In the short term finding new ways to incorporate technology and carry on exchanges with greater concern for environmental goods and services offer particular promise. Green Technology and the promotion of responsible consumption are part of that solution. There are many things in this world that are ever evolving in technology, from vehicles, television, cell phones, and even green technology. Some of us might not be too familiar with green; however, most people use green technology without even knowing the difference.

Literature Review Of School To Prison Pipeline - 970 Words

Literature Review Upon reviewing the literature that some scholars have already research, I have found Fader, Lockwood, Schall, and Stokes and some other authors that have researched something similar to my question, â€Å"How is School to Prison Pipeline affecting juveniles around the United States?†. In 2014, Fader wrote an article called A Promising Approach to Narrowing the School-to-Prison Pipeline: The WISE Arrest Diversion Program. In the article, it mentions how the school to prison pipeline came about and how hard it is for a student who enters the school to prison pipeline to get out of it, there’s a stigma to the kids once they have entered the pipeline. By having an afterschool program called WISE might help students enter the†¦show more content†¦Why are children being treated as criminal? Students shouldn’t be held accountable for minor incident that makes them fall into the system. Schools around the nation are contracting polices officer to patrol their schools and students. Police officers are known as School Resource Officer’s (SRO’s) like if given them a different name would matter, instead of being resourceful they are up holding the law in harsh ways. There are many SRO’s in schools and this has led to high number of arrests and criminal charges, instead of keeping a safer environment for the children it is becoming a hunting ground (Schept, Wall, Brisman). Before when a child did something wrong they were given detention, standards, a parent-meeting or maybe even sent to the office, but now the student are sent to the police officer in their schools. Once they are sent to her/him they are punish in such a different way where they can be expelled, suspense or even taken to jail. Once a child is label a criminal there is no way in taking that back, because they start to believe that they are criminals that the world has given up on them and what’s the point of proving that theory wrong. So, when they are released out of juvenile detention or prison they just fall back to the same pattern. Especially because when they are sent away, they are left alone in horrible conditions and treated likeShow MoreRelatedFrom Juvenile Justice School To Prison Pipeline Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesthe relationship between educational institutions and the juvenile justice system, which was once created to protect children, has displayed an ultimatum for minors through â€Å"zero tolerance† policies that result in sending individuals from school to prison to pipeline. Studies have shown that these policies are not beneficial to students or the educational environment that should be guaranteed to children. 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